Chronology of John
Locke’s Life
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GSR: John Locke
Related Links: John
Locke
Topic: Religious
Toleration
Source: John Locke,
A Letter concerning Toleration and Other Writings, edited and with an
Introduction by Mark Goldie (Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 2010). Chapter:
Chronology of Locke's Life.
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CHRONOLOGY OF
LOCKE’S LIFE
1632 Born at
Wrington, Somerset, 29 August
1642 Outbreak of the
Civil Wars
1643 Troops of Col.
Popham, Locke’s future patron, despoil Wells Cathedral
1645 Defeat of
Charles I at Naseby by Oliver Cromwell
1647 Admitted to
Westminster School, London
1648 Treaty of
Westphalia ends European Thirty Years’ War
1649 Execution of
Charles I; England a republic
1651 Thomas Hobbes,
Leviathan
1652 Elected a
Student of Christ Church, Oxford
1652–67 Usually
resident in Oxford
1655 Graduates as a
bachelor of arts
1658 Graduates as a
master of arts; death of Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell
1660 Restoration of
monarchy under Charles II
1660–62 Writes Two Tracts on
Government, against toleration
(published 1967)
1661–64 Lecturer in Greek, rhetoric,
and moral philosophy
1662 Act of
Uniformity reimposes Anglicanism; dissenting worship illegal
1663 Attends
chemical and medical lectures
1663–64 Writes Essays on the Law of
Nature (published 1954)
1665–66 Embassy
secretary sent to the Elector of Brandenburg at Cleves (Kleve)
1666
Licensed to practice
medicine
Granted dispensation
to retain Studentship without taking holy orders
Great Fire of London
1667
Joins Lord Ashley’s
household; usually resident in London until 1675.
Writes Essay Concerning
Toleration (published 1876)
1668
Oversees lifesaving
operation on Ashley
Elected a Fellow of
the Royal Society
1669 Helps draft The Fundamental
Constitutions of Carolina
1670 Baruch Spinoza,
Tractatus Theologico-Politicus
1671
Secretary to the
Lords Proprietors of Carolina (until 1675)
First drafts of An
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1672
Ashley created Earl
of Shaftesbury and Lord Chancellor
Appointed secretary
for ecclesiastical presentations (to 1673)
First visit to
France
Samuel Pufendorf, On
the Law of Nature and Nations
1673
Secretary to the Council of
Trade and Plantations (to 1674)
Charles II’s brother
and heir, James, Duke of York, converts to Catholicism
Shaftesbury ousted
from office; begins to lead opposition
1675
Shaftesburian manifesto, A
Letter from a Person of Quality
Graduates as a
bachelor of medicine
To France; chiefly
resident at Montpellier until 1677; then mainly Paris
1676 Translates three of Pierre
Nicole’s Essais de Morale
1677
Repeal of writ De
haeretico comburendo, abolishing burning for heresy
Andrew Marvell, An
Account of the Growth of Popery
1678 Popish Plot
revealed; executions of Catholics follow (to 1681)
1679
Returns to England
Habeas Corpus Act
1679–81
Exclusion Crisis;
Whigs seek to exclude Catholic heir from the throne
Whig victory in
three general elections, but Whigs outmaneuvered by the king
1680 Signs London’s
“monster petition,” demanding sitting of Parliament
1679–83
Resides in London,
Oxford, and Oakley (James Tyrrell’s home)
Writes Two Treatises of
Government
1681
Writes a defense of
toleration against Edward Stillingfleet
Assists Shaftesbury at the Oxford Parliament
Oxford Parliament
dismissed; Charles summons no more parliaments
Beginning of royal
and Tory backlash against Whigs and dissenters
Shaftesbury accused
of treason; charge dismissed by a Whig grand jury
1682 Court coup
against Whigs in City of London; Shaftesbury flees to Holland
1683
Death of Shaftesbury
in Holland; Locke attends funeral in Dorset
Whig Rye House Plot, to
assassinate the king, exposed
Executions of Lord
William Russell and Algernon Sidney
Earl of Essex’s
suicide in the Tower; Whigs suspect state murder
Judgment and Decree
of Oxford University against seditious doctrines
1683–89 Exile in Holland; lives
mainly in Utrecht, Amsterdam, and Rotterdam
1684 Expelled in absentia from
Studentship of Christ Church
1685
Death of Charles II;
accession of James II and VII
Abortive rebellion
of the Whig Duke of Monmouth; his execution
Louis XIV revokes
Edict of Nantes; persecution of Huguenots
Writes Epistola de Tolerantia
(Letter Concerning Toleration)
1686 Pierre Bayle,
Philosophical Commentary on religious persecution
1687 James II issues
Declaration of Indulgence (edict of toleration)
1688
Reviews Newton’s
Principia Mathematica for Bibliothèque universelle
Culmination of
resistance to James II’s Catholicizing policies
“Glorious
Revolution”: invasion of England by William of Orange
James II overthrown
and flees to France
1689
National Convention
installs King William and Queen Mary
Nine Years’ War
against Louis XIV opens
Toleration Act:
freedom of worship for Protestant dissenters
Returns to England;
declines an ambassadorship
Appointed
Commissioner of Appeals in Excise
Publication of A
Letter Concerning Toleration
Publication of Two
Treatises of Government
Publication of An
Essay Concerning Human Understanding
1690
Battle of the Boyne:
William defeats Jacobites in Ireland
Letter Concerning
Toleration attacked by Jonas Proast
Publication of A Second Letter
Concerning Toleration
1691
Publication of Some
Considerations of the . . . Lowering of Interest
Settles at Oates in
Essex in Damaris Masham’s household
1692
Publication of A Third Letter
for Toleration
Memorandum on the
naturalization of immigrants
1693 Publication of Some Thoughts
Concerning Education
1694
Founding of the Bank of
England; invests 500
Triennial Act,
requiring regular parliamentary elections
1695
Advises on the
ending of press censorship and the recoinage
Publication of The
Reasonableness of Christianity
The Reasonableness
attacked by John Edwards;
publishes Vindication
Publication of Further
Considerations Concerning . . . Money
1696
Appointed a member
of the Board of Trade and Plantations (to 1700)
The Essay attacked by
Bishop Edward Stillingfleet
John Toland,
Christianity not Mysterious
Pierre Bayle,
Historical and Critical Dictionary
1697
Treaty of Ryswick:
temporary peace with France
Publication of Second
Vindication of the Reasonableness of Christianity
Publication of two replies to
Stillingfleet in defense of the Essay
Composes An Essay on the Poor
Law
Composes report on the
government of Virginia
Composes The Conduct of the
Understanding
Thomas Aikenhead
hanged at Edinburgh, Britain’s last heresy execution
1698
Molyneux’s Case of
Ireland cites Two Treatises in defense of Ireland
Algernon Sidney,
Discourses Concerning Government (posthumous)
1701
Act of Settlement,
ensuring Protestant (Hanoverian) succession
Renewal of war
against France
1702
Final visit to
London
Composes A Discourse on
Miracles
Death of William
III; accession of Queen Anne
World’s first daily
newspaper, in London
1703 First major critique of
Two Treatises, by Charles Leslie
1704
Completes A
Paraphrase and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul
Battle of Blenheim:
Duke of Marlborough’s victory over France
Capture of Gibraltar
begins Britain’s Mediterranean naval dominance
Dies at Oates, 28 October;
buried in High Laver churchyard, Essex
1705–7 Publication of A Paraphrase
and Notes on the Epistles of St. Paul
1706 Publication of the unfinished
Fourth Letter for Toleration
1710 First French
and German editions of A Letter Concerning Toleration
1714 First edition
of the Works of Locke
1743 First American
edition of A Letter Concerning Toleration
1764 Voltaire’s
edition of A Letter Concerning Toleration
1765 Thomas Hollis’s
edition of the Letters Concerning Toleration
Last modified April
13, 2016
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