Monday, April 14, 2014

Soderbergh. Interview. AnotherStevenSoderberghExperience. UTPress. MarkGallagher. NYC. 23July2011.sat.



I don’t know anymore why I copied the interview of this semihustling neoliberal capitalistprick.

1.      I have a bunch of questions about Art and authorship and filmmaking. I have a big question to start off, but if you don’t mind me asking a more basic one to begin with – is this a workday for you, in effect?
2.      Yeah.
3.      So can you tell me what you’ve been doing today?
4.      Interviews. [And] I did some editing this morning on a short documentary that I’m making about a film calledEndOfTheRoad, which came out in1970, and which WarnerBros. has remastered and is going to release this fall. And I agreed to make something about it for them to put on theDVD to help drive sales. So that’s a project I’ve been working on for thelastfourmonths.
5.      And what have you been doing with that? Do you mean getting ready a voicerecording, or actuallyshooting?
6.      I shot interviews with everybody that’s stillaround that was involved with the film, so I’m just cutting it now. I have a portabledrive that I carry with me everywhere so I can cut on the plane or whatever.
7.      Is that a WimWendersfilms, EndOfTheRoad?
8.      No, it’s based on theJohnBarthnovel.
9.      Yeah, okay. They made a film of that?
10.   Yeah, they did. It’s become sort of a cultfilm. It’s notavailable, and it’s prettyinteresting. GordonWillis’s firstfeature as a directorofphotography, StaceyKeach, JamesEarlJones, cowritten and coproduced byTerrySouthern. It’s an interesting movie.
11.   And Warners released it back in the day?
12.   No, AlliedArtists released it, and Warners obviouslypicked it up in some kind of yardsale. I’ve been bugging them about it for years, so now it’s happening.
13.   I’m curious about that kind of leveraging. You wanted them to release it, and did you say [toWarners] you would do some ancillary thing?
14.   Yeah, I said, If you guys do this, I’ll create a special piece of material to go with it, to help sell it.
15.   Okay. Is that something you’ve done in the past? I know you’ve done a lot of these DVDsupplements, been involved in commentarytracks. Is that something you’ve done with a particular mind toward getting things out there?
16.   Not in this way. I’ve never gone to somebody and tried to force them to restore or rerelease a movie that I thought should be out there. And as such, I felt some obligation to [“]sweeten the pot[“] a little bit. But honestly, the film itself is intriguing enough that I wanted to knowmore about it, and this was a great way to do that. And it’s been reallyinteresting, because the descriptions of the experience on the part of the people making the film have reallybrought home the idea that movies, and the act of making movies, don’t matter the way they used to.
17.   Based on having conversations with the people who were involved in the production, you get that sense? What is the language they’re using to talk about the Cinema that is different than what you find today?
18.   I don’t know that anybody would necessarily say that that’s what they said in the interviews directly. What’s clear to me is that in cultural terms, the experience for them of making this movie, which has a lot on its mind, was viewed as both special and at the same time [A favourtie phrase ofSoderbergh.] a necessary part of living in this culture. There was a sense of artistic duty, in a way, to use your energy to make something that meant something, and that they, in a sense, were successful in creating a reallyunique environment. And I reallywas struck by that. Certainly I try to create an environment that’s conductive to good solutions. But this sounded like a reallyspecial circumstance the way everybody was talking about it. And it made me realise, Wow, in thelate[19]60s and theearly[19]70s inAmerica, movies meant something in cultural terms. People were looking to movies for notnecessarily answers but for clues, at least, about what was going on and how we should be interacting with each other and the world. And that just for the most part isn’t true anymore, certainly isn’t the default mode of americanFilm.
19.   Yeah.
20.   So it made me sad.
21.   Well, I think a lot of us in film have thesameresponse and feel like there’s this particular period that was offering that up. You can see the way that films were being made and the way that they’re being talked about, the kind of criticism around them, that kind of excitement, as a golden age that we don’t have [now]. But I wonder – I feel that either we have a nostalgia for that, or particular filmmakers like you might try to do things, not to say in the spirit of that age, but.
22.   Well, yeah, I do in the sense that my – when I’m on set, yeah, I pretend it’s 1971, and that I can do whatever I want, and that anything I can appreciate the audience can appreciate, that I’m the audience. Absolutely, I put myself in that mindset and draw inspiration. That happened to be a particularlygood year inCinema all over the world, so absolutely. It remains to be seen, since I’m the generation after that, what the generation after me will be using as their RosettaStone, I don’t know.
23.   Right, I’m curious about that. And in being the generation after that, do you feel like you missed out? One of the questions I have is, do you feel like your career has been well timed, in the sense that, did you come up at a moment where there was a support for the type of things that you wanted to do?
24.   Yeah. I feel generally that I came up at at a veryverygood time, that a few years earlier side of that, ofSexLies, and maybe that doesn’t work out the way it worked out. I would really not want to be coming up now. I feel that filmmakers starting out now trying to make features have a muchmoredifficult time than I did.
25.   Is that because of just the sheer number of people that are doing it, as opposed to the structure of the industry?
26.   Yeah, it’s reallyhard to break through. The democratisation ofTechnology has been good in the sense that you can make a reallygoodlooking movie for not a lot of money now. The problem is that’s what everyone is doing, and the odds of it getting shown have dropped. [There’s another interpretation, a muchmoresimple one. The one which either he is incapable of conceiving or he suppresses.] Back then, the hard part was getting it made, but if you got it made, you had a prettygood chance of getting it released somehow, and now that’s nottrue. And I was allowed to make mistakes. This was still at a time when I was allowed to makeSexLies, and then fivemovies in a row that nobody saw, and not be put in moviejail. You can’t do that now, you just can’t.
27.   I haven’t seen – I’ve looked at a lot of filmmakers of your generation just to see anybody who’s had that experience like you, where the movies are notcommerciallysuccessful yet you’re still given support. Did you feel during that time that the clock was ticking on you to do morecommercial things? Or did you just feel, this is my career, and if it goes this way, it goes this way?
28.   Yeah, I was learning. I was trying to figure out what kind of filmmaker I was, or should be. I was trying to figure out what my strengths and weaknesses were. It was a veryimportant period, even though some of the work I wish was better. But I didn’t feel in a hurry. I guess it would seem strange from the outside, for someone with my professional history to say I’ve never been in a hurry. But no, there’s never a sense of, things are passing me by, it’s always been entirelyself – the clock is internal in the sense of, [A metaphor poetic, another favourite device of his] how do I get better at my job? What experience do I need to have that will make me better at my job? And there’s not really a clock on that.
29.   And do you feel you’ve packed in terms of your skills, and then are on a decline? Or your enthusiasm is not what it used to be?
30.   I think I’m better than I was tenyearsago at a lot of the things that – I’m better at filtering. That’s all you’re doing everyday, you’re filtering. You’re reducing from an infinite number of films down to onefilm in everymoment, everytime you make a decision. And I’m better at filtering, I’m faster than I was tenyearsago. I’m notbetter at any of the things that I think are reallyimportant, or that would enable me to make something transcendent. In that regard, I don’t feel I’m any closer to anything than I was when I was seventeen. Maybe evenfurther away.
31.   And what are those things, if you can see those things? It’s not skill, it’s.
32.   If I know what they were – it’s something new, something that hasn’t been done.
33.   Okay. So let me back up a little. I hope this doesn’t sound toostraightlaced, the way these things are framed. You’ve read some of the book so maybe you see how this works.
34.   Yeah.
35.   Thefirsthalf is about artistry, and I believe you said this in congressional testimony a couple of years ago. One of the lines was, “I’m a filmmaker, and so by some loose definition, I’m an artist.” Based on that, do you think of yourself as an artist, and if so, what does that term mean to you? In what way are you an artist?
36.   If you define Art as an expression, a personal expression that is designed to be expressed by other people, in an attempt to transmit some sense of what it is to be here, then yeah, then technically I’m an artist. It’s easy to fall into the idea of, well, an artist paints. But I think Film is anArtform, I think Cinema is anArtform. It was the dominantArtform of thelastcentury. I don’t know what’s going to happen to it in this century. But there’s no question in my mind that Cinema was the dominantArtform of thetwentiethcentury, and that, you know, 2001[ASpaceOdyssey] was one of themostsignificant piece of visualArt that anybody’s ever created. I know that for a fact. So it’s hard to, it neverfeels comfortable to place yourself in the company of the artists that have come before you and say, “Yeah, I’m with that group.” When we hadSexLies atCannes and that all played out, I remember I did an interview onTelevision, and thefirstquestion was, “Fellini, Altman, Coppola, MartinScorsese – these people have all wonPalmeD’Ors. Are you in that company?” And I just sort of laughed, like that’s a trick question. What am I supposed to say to that? Because you never, nobody, filmmakers that are in my sort of generation, that I know, none of us, we’re our own thing, and it’s up to time to figure out what we mean, or what we meant. So none of us think of them, of the greats that we admired, as being contemporaries or peers or anything like that. So, that’s a longwinded answer to that question. It’s a qualified yes.
37.   You had immediatelybrought film into the equation when I asked you that question. And you’ve worked in a lot of different media. But if you said to yourself what the key aspects of your artistic practice were, what would they be? What does your work as an artist entail? Do you think of it in terms of output, or in terms of particular tools that you’re using to create?
38.   I guess I start from the premise of, you should make things, you should make as many things as you can. Perhaps what I admire most in other artists is being prolific, is working. I probablygot that from my father. My father was an workaholic. My father went to work, and then after dinner, he would be at the diningroomtable for hours, continuing to work. And I guess I kind of swallowed that a little bit. If I’m awake, there’s a verystrong chance that I’m working on something. So I probablyplace the scale and breadth of a body of work first, before even quality.
39.   I’m sure some critics would agree with that assessment. But scale and breadth is what a lot of artists, particularly filmartists, seem not to be interested in, in favour of being morespecialised.
40.   Well, there’s no part of the business that encourages you to do anything but what you’ve donesuccessfully before. If you’re someone who’s interested in exploring your abilities, you’re swimming upstream. I’m not trying to make myself sound heroic, because that is not a choice for me. I can’t not want to try things. That’s just part of my DNA. I’m not choosing to do that. It’s what I have to do to stay engaged. So I have to find a way to navigate through the business that allows me to satisfy my need to try things.
41.   Okay. Relatedly, my next set of question has to do with collaboration. It seems to me if you want to be prolific in any mode ofArt, you should just go it alone, and paint, or shoot video yourself and do all the recording and editing. And yet, for the most part, you have chosen not to do that, you’ve worked with different scales and crews. But when you conceptualise your work as an artist, do you think of yourself as someone who has a personal vision, who is a solitary artist and then brings people into projects? Or do you think of yourself as a collaborator, someone who conceptualises these works [“]in terms of[“], I will work on this with this group of people?
42.   I understood from the beginning, when I started making films, that theonlyversion of a film that you can make alone is probably not that interesting. You look at, say a GodfreyReggiomovie, and you would think, Oh, he just goes out with a camera over the course of several years, and just shoots this thing and then he cuts it, and that’s reallykind of a onemanband. And having worked withGodfrey on one of his films, I can tell you he has a core creative team that works veryhard, and that he [analyses] relies on to sort of analyse the film as it’s being made, and it’s verycollaborative. And I take advantage ofthe people around me, both in literal terms by just sucking their brains out and using them and delegating. To me, the great thing about having a core group of people that move from project to project is it enables us to, while we’re shooting one, be prepping thenextone, because it’s all thesamepeople. So at lunchtime, You have a miniproductionmeeting about thenextmovie while you’re shooting another movie. But also, one of the reasons I’ve been able to do alot of stuff is I delegate. I give people a lot of responsibility. I’ll say, Here’s what I need you to do. In that regard, there’s the famous joke, what is the sentence that StanleyKubrick never said? The punch line is, “Use your own judgement, don’t bother me with the details.” I give people a lot of freedom to bring something of their own to this. If I say I’m looking for a certain kind of location, for example. I hope and expect that they will do the parts of my work for me that are not going to be any better if I did it, you know what I mean? I would never delegate something to someone that I felt was absolutelyreliant upon a specific decision or action on my part, that was tooimportant to be given over to somebody. But I’m alsoverygood at determining what stuff doesn’t fit that definition, and I give it to people to do. That’s theonlyway you can have multiple films happening at thesametime.
43.   So, would you describe your preproductionprocess as somewhat more openended, things aren’t locked down, and say, you mentioned the locationexample, if you let someone choose a location, then you’d kind of build things around that, rather than having something storyboarded in advance?
44.   Oh yeah, absolutely. And when I’m working with the writers, it’s a veryfluid situation. I may take a run at certain things and say, I’m thinking of something like this, make this better, in order to just help. I may say, Why don’t you work on that sequence, and I’ll take a run at this sequence, just so that we’re getting somewhere quicker. But [“]at the end of the day[“], [Another favourite phrase. Pretentiousprick.] I’m relying on them to write the thing. I have no interest in being the writer on it, having credit as a writer. My job is just to tell someone what I want to shoot, what kind of thing I would like to see. I guess you’d call it macromanaging. [Semihustling entrepreneur inNYC.]
45.   Okay, you’re at the other level, all right. The thing about writing, it seems to raise a similar question. You used to be a screenwriter, or coscreenwriter, cocredited. You seem not to do that morerecently. Is that something where you feel someone else can do it better than you, and then you can step in and direct it?
46.   Yeah. I wrote to get in, I wrote as a way of getting in. I have written, but I don’t think of myself as a writer. With one possible exception, all of my best work has been written by other people. And I enjoy that process a lot. Perhaps the three mostpleasurable weeks I’ve ever had in the business were when ScottFrank and I met in his office everyday to create what became the shootingdraft ofOutOfSight. That was reallyfun. That was just pure fun, just sitting in a room trying to top each other, and make this thing as good as we wanted it to be. But it was just us. You know, sitting alone, trying to generate something, it’s horrible.
47.   There’s a lot of blank page.
48.   Yeah, it’s just horrible. I don’t enjoy it. What I think I did when I started, and I see this in a lot of other directors, I think when I started I was of the mistaken belief that I should be writing and directing. And as soon as I got out of that way of thinking, everything started to improve. And I’ve had conversations with other filmmakers, young filmmakers who aren’t as busy as they should be because they onlywant to direct what they’ve written, and some of the things they’ve written they haven’t been able to get financed. And I keep saying, You gotta shot. If you’re a director, you have to be making things. You can’t tell me that there’s nothing out there that you want to make other than what you wrote. You just can’t convince me of that. A couple of them have listened to me and gone off and directed stuff and been verysuccessful doing it, a couple of them still haven’t worked.
49.   If I think of the old creativewritingadage, You have to write what you know, I’ve never heard a similar thing about shooting what you know. But certainly a lot of filmmaking privileges shooting things that are closer to your experience. When you’re working with other writers, do you have a sense that you’re taking someone else’s vision and then transforming it into yours?
50.   It depends. It depends on at what stage I got involved. Was this an idea of mine? Was it a script of theirs that alreadyexisted? If it’s an idea of mine, then it’s muchmore, the dynamic is going to shift a little bit to them trying to give me what I want in a moreobvious way. Because I may have walked in with a certain construction and a certain style that I want to see. If I’ve read a script that’s already been written, if we’re moving forward now and this thing’s getting made, then obviously they did something that hooked me already. I’m not going to come in and rip the engine out of this thing. So all I’m doing at that point is trying to, thebestanalogy I can use is, I’ve stepped onto the rear car of a moving train, and I’m working my way up to the cabin so that I can be out in front of it. It’s a process, and by the time I get to the front of this train, I feel like I’m driving it, too.
51.   Who’s the conductor on this train? You’re the coconductor?
52.   It’s ultimately training myself to be the conductor.
53.   But it can start before you; you can hop on.
54.   Yeah, if that’s a script that’s already been written, I chased it down and got on the back, and I’m trying to get up to the front.
55.   I don’t know what’s mostpresent for you right now, but where would you say something likeContagion, where did you come into that?
56.   That was Scott[Burns] saying, I want to make an ultrarealistic movie about a pandemic, and I said, Great, let’s do that. So it was his idea that we kind of explored together. He did all the research, and then we would have conversations about the characters? Who are we following? That’s the question you alwaysask, who are we following? And then we’d agree, we have this many characters, here are the various narrativethreads we’re going to set up and pay off. And then he would go off and do a draft.
57.   And then would you say things like, I want to see more of these characters, less of these, or, I want them to be over here, or, We need to balance how often these characters are appearing.
58.   You would participate in that?
59.   Yeah, sure, absolutely.
60.   Then [“]at the end of the day[“], that movie exists for us. Do you think of that then as a, maybe you don’t conceptualise these things this way at all, but certainly on our side, we alwaysdo, do you think of that as, This is my film, or this is this collaborative product, that comes fromWarnerBros., and you directed it, and that Scott wrote, with your input?
61.   I think we all look at it as our film. Theclearestway I can put it is that I directed it. To me that says exactly what I want it to say, and it doesn’t have to be any larger than that. It’s absolutelyappropriate for me to refer to it as my film, in thesameway it would be absolutelyappropriate forScott to refer to it as his film, or anyone who worked on it, frankly. I tend to like to refer to things as ours, you know, we.
62.   Yeah, I’ve seen that. And noteverybody does that.
63.   I think it’s unfair to sort of act as though there wasn’t a lot of help around. But in this medium, I think thebestresults come from the director having the final word. And that’s nottrue in every other medium, but I think it is true in movies. When I look at the movies that I think are great, ninetyeightpercent of them were controlled creatively, ultimately, by the director. Not the producer or the writer. There are exceptions, but most of the time it’s the filmmaker.
64.   I guess that’s one of the other arguments for [also] being the writer, is having morecontrol.
65.   If you’re a writer and you want control, you should not be in the moviebusiness. You should be inTelevision or writing plays.
66.   Is that why you didn’t do morework inTV, because it’s more of a writerbased medium?
67.   No, it’s, there’s a version of for-hire that I’m comfortable with, and then there’s a version of for-hire that I’m notcomfortable with. And it has to do with, ultimately, the edit and sort of the final version of the piece, the edit and the scoring and things like that. I wouldn’t want to be in a situation, if I’m directing a pilot for a series or whatever, where I can’t have control over the final product. I wouldn’t be happy. So the answer is, If I were going to be inTV, it sounds like I would have to create something form scratch, come up with an idea, and execute it the way I would like to see it done. And then at that point you’re hiring other people to kind of follow in your footsteps. But the couple ofTVthings that I did, the two FallenAngels-pieces and KStreet, I had the cut. I contractuallyhad finalcut. Each of us [directors] did onFallenAngels, we all had finalcut. That’s what made it kind of unique. I’m sorry it didn’t go on for longer, because they had a reallyinteresting group of people, and it was fun. But that’s notnormal. That was Showtime and Propaganda being kind of progressive.
68.   In a way, I think those were the infant stages of cablechannels developing that original content, and if it had been ten or fifteen yearslater, there would be a buzz about those. I remember those were way under the radar.
69.   Yeah, they really were, even then. Now I think they’d be generating a lot morebuzz, if you got a group of directors like that to do stuff like this, there’d be a lot moretalk about it.
70.   Yeah, I concur. Okay, should I move on? I know you read around a lot. Maybe you stay away from academic filmstudies, which is perfectlyfine. But one of the things we do is we spend a lot of time scrutinising filmcontent for its meaning and its significance, either in isolation or as part of some larger cultural moment. And then sometimes we think about those things just completelyremoved from who created them, and sometimes we’ll actuallytry to look at particular individuals or groups we think of as the authors of those films, however designated. So the question in this relationship is, When you direct a film, whether from a screenplay you did have involvement, in, or where you hopped onto this moving train, do you feel that you as a director seek to convey any particular meanings to viewers, about the world at large, about institutions or Politics, about humanrelations, cultures, and peoples? Or do you think of yourself as a storyteller, who tells stories about people and places that someone else will put into some kind of context?
71.   Well, I think that is personal, in the sense that directors are their films, to an extent that’s almostcomical sometimes. Everydecision you make is an expression of what you want to see or what you believe. Even for someone who by all definitions may be pedestrian or middleoftheroad, that is their worldview, in a way. And it’s everybit as legitimate or complete as someone whom we consider to be a great filmmaker. And in that sense, they don’t feel like choices to me, in thesameway I talked about, I need to be engaged and free to explore stuff because I can’t work any other way. It’s not a decision, it just has to be that way. Whatever the ultimate takeaway is from the body of work that has my name on it, we can be sure that it is a manifestation of what I think, what I feel, what I believe. And that if it isn’t coherent or clear, it’s not necessarily a failing, in the sense that people are complicated and contradictory sometimes. It’s going to be as funky as the world is, it’s going to have all the sort of sloppiness and energy hopefully that the world has. [Petit bourgeoisie who advocates neoliberal policies.] I’ve been in it enough to realise that I don’t have to think of it in those terms while I’m in it, you know what I mean? I know there’s no way for it not to be a part of me, and to be a part of what I am. That’s just notpossible, it’s notpossible for anyone. And it really does become, then, somebody else’s job to kind of organise it or try and figure it out.
72.   All right. It seems to me that, maybe during pressjunkettime, you’re asked to participate in the organisation of that material. And so I’m curious how you respond when people, viewers for example, or maybe critics, look for a connexion among your films, not to say impose but to bring to the table a view of them as “about” something in particular.
73.   I look at it as, if I’m asked about these kinds of things, I kind of treat it, depending on the question and the context, I look at it as having vetopower. If somebody proposes something that I just feel isn’t true, a premise or an intent, then I’ll say, Well, that may be the way it came across. I can onlytell you that’s not what I meant. So maybe that’s a failing on my part because I didn’t communicate clearlyenough within the film. But I’ve seen too-often that, it’s like a fan watching a basketballgame. Their experience of that basketballgame and their belief of what it meant to the players involved is never going to line up with what the players experienced. It’s just different to be on the floor. At the end of the day, it’s not really my job and probably isn’t even reallynecessary for me to correct people. It is a piece ofArt. And what I know for sure is that nothing anybody says is going to rearrange those pixels. It is what it is. And hating it doesn’t improve it, or diminish it, or change it in any way. Those pixels or grain, whatever you want to call it, that is the form they are going to take forever. That’s why a certain point, I feel lucky in that I’ve never really cared what people have said, because it doesn’t change anything.
74.   So it wouldn’t bother you if someone got something out of watching one of your movies that you had said, That wasn’t my intent, but oh, it came out this way, that was part of the communication.
75.   Yeah, I think that’s just part of life. That’s analogous to somebody being at a dinner, and making a comment that somebody thinks is a joke, and they laugh at it, not realising that it wasn’t really a joke. Those kinds of misinterpretations happen all the time in life. Why shouldn’t they happen when somebody is looking at something as complex as a movie? So that stuff doesn’t bother me. It can be frustrating when somebody doesn’t know what they’re talking about, in either direction. I don’t read reviews, but occasionally something might be written that’s sort of an overview that I’ll take a look at, or somebody will send me something to look at. And it can be frustrating to see. Anybody who says that I don’t understand the visual grammart of, say MichaelCurtiz and [19]40sstudiofilmmaking, I can tell you does not know what they’re talking about.
76.   I know a particular piece.
77.   Yeah, I’ve heard about it. I’ve had friends angry on my behalf, You’ve got to see this thing. No, I don’t have to see this thing. I can tell you my understanding of that particular language is verydeep, deeper than what they are seeing. It’s axiomatic, If they knew what I knew, they then would be writing about what I knew. And I can tell that they don’t. there are huge swaths of inlfuences, inferences, references, connexions that are wound into, for instance, that film [GoodGermanThe], that are completelygoing over their heads. Now that’s notsaying, Oh, I’m smarter than them. I’m just saying that stuff has been swallowed and regurgiated by me in a way that, by making it, can’t be duplicated by writing about something. So that can be frustrating, where you feel like, they never are wrong, as far as the public is concerned. I’m wrong all the time. When I make a movie that nobody goes to see or gets shitty reviews, the sort of takeaway is that oh, I screwed up, I’m wrong. They are, by virtue of having their last word, sort of infallible. I remember somebody asked PaulineKael once, Do you ever go back and see things twice? And she said, Why would I want to do that? Why would I want to find out that I was wrong? So it’s a small price to pay.
78.   That’s an interesting case, where you said everything you do in the creative process, the output becomes part of you. It seems there’s a critical stance where we look at the output, and that has to stand for all the decisionmaking around it. So you can look atGoodGermanThe and say, Soderbergh doesn’t know this, this and this. And in a way, that’s reallysaying, Based on the evidence on screen in front of me, I can infer that this person has this Knowledge or not that Knowledge. So it’s a matter of, the filmtext itself is the way that critics sometimes with the filmmaker, for better or worse. And yet, as critics all we produce is criticism.
79.   And you know, it was ever thus. And it’s onlyrelevant to me in the sense of its impact potentially on the commercial performance of the movie. Bad reviews don’t bother me in the sense that I feel bad or I think the film is bad or anything. But in certain cases, GoodGermanThe being one of them, getting negative, in some cases virulentlynegative, reviews killed that movie. We didn’t have a chance. We had nothing to build on. That was a movie that reallyneeded critical support to move out into the world, and people needed a lens to view it through. Critical support could’ve been that lens. We didn’t get it, and the thing was DOA. It was just viewed as a disaster. That’s where it’s relevant to me, it was like, Shit, we got reallycrushed, and the movie tanked.
80.   I seem to recall you said that in interviews before it was released, that this was a film that would need critical support to take off. My sense is that the choice to talk about the movie in terms of technique and the classicalHollywoodstuff is the thing that critics then ran with and reallyscrutinised-almostexclusively.
81.   Yeah, obviously, I threw down the gauntlet, and what we got into was a situation where people were going to say, How dare you pretend to knowmore about this than we do. That was the tone of a lot of the feedback, which is, Nobody knows the visual language ofCasablanca better than we do, how dare you. And that’s just absurd, that’s just crazy.
82.   That takes me to another, similar line of questioning. It seems to me that you’ve kind of limited this divide between speaking in the voide of the filmmaker and speaking in the voice of the filmlover. You used that analogy about being a basketballfan and trying to experience the player’s point of view. Obviously you’ve been on both side of that. In the conversations I listen to with you and other filmmakers, to some extent you seem to be attaching yourselves to the filmmakers themselves, and thinking about films in terms of the productionprocess and decisions being made. And in other cases you seem to be thinking about them as a viewer, in terms of the pleasure that stories and images give you. Do you ever have to separate those? Do you feel like you move oneway or another, depending on whether you’re actuallyhaving a conversation with someone who was involved in it? When you watch a film, do you think, This is a great film, or I wonder how they did that?
83.   I think all that’s happening all the time. [Another favourite phrase of his, all the time.] It’s notpossible for me to detach one of those trains of thought. And I don’t see it as a problem, because it doesn’t reduce my pleasure or impair my ability to sort of immerse myself in a film. In fact, in increases it. Being able to watch a great movie, and to experience it as a filmgoer and as a filmmaker, is reallyexciting. When you see something that’s reallygreat, I get an added boost out of it because I’m watching it through a couple of different prisms.
84.   So you get a boost in terms of the pleasure of artistic experience, and the possibility of channeling that into your work?
85.   Sure.
86.   I don’t know if you put things into a comparative dimension, but do you ever look at particular filmmakers as makers fo individual works or overall bodies of work, and say, There’s a careertrajectory that I reallyrecognise as somewhat similar to mine, or, there’s an artistic mode, that person seems to be trying to get at thesamethings withArt that I am? Or do you just think about it in this larger sphere of, There is great work.)?
87.   Yeah, I think so. I do my own, you get a bunch of directors together, and eventually they’re going to start talking about other directors that they like or don’t like, or rate or don’t rate. Obviously, none of us would ever do that for publication. But there’s onegame we like to play. We play the pantheongame a lot, which is, you have to have made three great movies to get into the pantheon. So it’s fun to sort of go down the list. there are a lot of people who are in easily, and then there are some verygood people who are kind of on the cusp. That’s a fun game to play. But in general, I’m not a comparative person in the sense that, nothing makes me happier than seeing something good by somebody else. I want that. I draw inspiration from that. I don’t want movies to be bad. I want to see reallygreat stuff. I don’t viewArt as a zerosumgame, and that if theCoenbrothers make a great movie somehow they’ve stolen a piece of the greatmoviepie for me.
88.   There’s a parallel universe where all that badmovieenergy is going.
89.   Yeah, I’ve never looked at it that way. But I do believe that there is, within a certain, say calendarperiod, a finite amount of greatArt that can exist. If you made fiftymovies a year or fourhundredsandfiftymovies a year, there are still only a handful of them that are going to be great. This doesn’t work on a linear scale. It doesn’t scale from fifty to fourhundredsandfifty with a proportional number of great films being produced. That’s not how Art works. So I’m rooting for the good stuff. To the point where, there can be a film by a good filmmaker, and I may have issues with that particular film, I may not like that particular film. But let’s say for the sake of argument that it’s someone who’s acknowledged as being worthy of attention, and skilled, and not someone who does stuff that’s down the middle. And let’s say it was an original screenplay, and it’s not a comicbook and it’s not a sequel. Whether or not I like the film personally, I’m rooting for the film. Its success helps me and other filmmakers like me. I don’t look at it and go, I hated that. I’m so mad that it made onehundredmillionsUSD. It making onehundredmillionsUSD makes it easier thenextday for me to go in and go, I’ve got an original screenplay, and it’s kind of odd, it’s not really down the middle, and everybody’s morereceptive to that because of what this filmmaker did. So I’m aware of how closely the people who pay for things are tracking the performance of certain films and certain filmmakers. And the bottom line is, clearly I’m still a sort of wild card. People don’t know exactly what they’re going to get when they say yes to me. They could be getting onething; they could be getting another. I try to tell them what it is. When all the Moneyballstuff happened, people said, Wow, you must be really pissed off. I said, No, not really; it means I’m still capable of scaring people. That’s a good thing. That means I’m still enough of a crazy person to make somebody pull the plug.
90.   So you value the risks you were taking there?
91.   Absolutely.
92.   There was mondaymorningquarterbacking on your part?
93.   It really was a sort of irresistible force, immovable object situation. Because this thing was on a certain path, I was taking it on a certain path, and it clearlybecame a path that nobody was comefortable with. And this is what has to happen. There’s no other result that can happen. I get it. Thenextday, I’m like, What else have we got? That’s how Haywire happened, and I’m reallyhappy withHaywire. I would never have made that movie otherwise.
94.   You walked into that after theMoneyballthing?
95.   Yeah, I looked around, found that, got it together quickly. I don’t look back.
96.   Out ofMoneyball, did you shoot documentarymaterial that you would repurpose?
97.   I don’t know what you would do with it. I shot about twothirds of the interviews that I needed, and I don’t think there’s any use for them. It’s in a vault somewhere.
98.   The things that you said anticipated my next question, which was about where you saw yourself in contemporary filmculture, and whether you see yourself as part of a community of likeminded artists. You seem to be discussting that now, with the idea that “if good films get made, that’s good for me,” in terms of creative energy and influencing you to continue to work.
99.   Yeah. If I’ve played any part in getting moreindependentminded filmmakers working in the studiosystem, I’d be reallyhappy. Because I think that’s what should be going on. I want to seeGusVanSant given money to make movies, as much mony as other people who aren’t as good asGusVanSant. I grew up on studiomovies that were reallygood, that wer made by reallygood filmmakers. So I never had that prejudice that a lot of filmmakers did have and do have, or a lot of critics and people who write about movies had or do have, about who’s writing the check. I don’t give a shit. The delineation I make is between good movie, bad movie, not who financed it. To have the opportunity, I waited longer than a lot of people in my position, nineyears, before I made a fullon studiomovie with moviestars in it, which would be OutOfSight. Because I wanted to make sure that it was going to be the right choice for me. But doing that and doingErin and doingOcean’s, I reallyhoped someone was going to follow me, and that there were going to be other filmmakers of my generation and my taste who were going to follow me and go make movies forWarners and Fox and everybody. This is what should be happening. This is good for everybody. [Petit bourgeoisie whose onlyconcern is to climb social ladder, so that he can enjoy the luxury provided byStateCapitalism.]
100.                 Do you feel proud that to some extent that has happened? Do you feel responsible, without taking creding for that?
101.                 Well, it’s an evolving, living thing. It’s hard for me to judge if my desire had been fulfilled or not. I don’t know. You could look at it and go, Well, it was for awhile, but not anymore. I don’t know. I just know that I hoped that other people would follow me through that door and see that you can work in this arena and still have control. It can still be yours. There’s nothing wrong with popular entertainment. There’s just something wrong when it’s stupid. I watch everything. I’ll go from[DesertoRosso] toOldSchool in thesamenight. I just want it to be good.
102.                 From reading interviews, it seems your tastes are verycatholic.
103.                 Yeah.
104.                 At thesametime, maybe I can move back to the historical, 60sand70stype question. You have repeatedly gravitated toward that era, as something that you invoke as the type of films and filmmakers that inspired you, particularly in theUS but also european artCinma, to use that phrase. And as you mentioned, other filmmakers of your generation were inspired in thesameway. In a lot of cases, it seems to be people like you, who grew up a little bit after those films were being released, or coming up in the late period of it, and you rediscovered them some other way. So it’s not the film of your youth really, but something you had to reexperience in a different category. What is it about that era that speaksparticularly to you? Would you say you have a strategy to embody a similar sensibility? How can you mix old and new to do something original? Is it, as you say, you walk onto the set and it’s 1971? How does it work?
105.                 First, I would put forth the premise that the way things imprint on you when you’re between the ages of thirteen and seventeen is unique. I don’t know why. Maybe a brainperson could tell me whether I’m talking out of my other hole. [If you’re uncertain, don’t say it. Fuckingmoron.] But my experience of it is that between the ages of thirteen and seventeen, when I was seeing all those films and others, they had an impact that was verydifferent when I was quoteunquote an adult. So in my case, it’s a function of circumstance. I’m inBatonRougeLA, I’m going to highschool on the campus of[LSU], which happened to have a significant and wellcurated repertorycinemaprogram going on every night. And I was hanging around with these collegestudents who were alsointerested in making films, and we were seeing everything. [An imperialist.] And that’s reallylucky. I was reallylucky to be in that time at that place, and to have access to those works. And everything sort of flowed from that. Had I grown up somewhere else, at another time, then it might be another era of filmmaking or it might be a type of film from another part of the world that would’ve influenced me. This is just how the planets lined up. [What arrogance.] And it syncs up, like you were saying. I was thirteen in1976, so 1976to1980, the moviebrats are at their peak at the beginning of that, and then by the end of it, most of them have selfdestructed. Then comes the1980s, theworstdecade in americanCinema. And I’m then feeling, as the corporations have taken control of the movies again, I want to do what those people did. So it’s largely a function of circumstances, a lot of that.
106.                 So it’s that combination of abundance amid scarcity that a lot of people seem to have an experience of, not all from living in small towns with universities.
107.                 Well, it’s what makes. If you’re coming up now and you have access to everything, what is your filter? I was lucky in that I had this filter that happened to be these people that were programming this theater atLSU that turned out to be reallygood. Because you can’t see everything, you do need a filter at a certain point. Especially if you’re going to make films, you need to decide what to look at, you need to be looking at good stuff. But who is your filter for that? Like you’re saying, the abundance now turns out to potentially be a problem. Your best weapon is your specificity, and you can’t cultivate the kind of specificity that you need to distinguish yourself as a filmmaker without identifying a certain kind of thing that you watch over and over again. Because it’s important not just to watch a lot of films. There are certain films that you need to watchrepeatedly. And I did. Again, this is at a period where I”m a teenager, I can seeJaws twentyninetimes, I can see Apocalypse[Now] sixteentimes, I can seeShiningThe eighteentimes, AmericanGriffith in rerelease thirteentimes, LastDetailThe twelvetimes. I’m a kid, I’m not really paying attention in school, and the matinees are cheap. I would go on a sunday and sit through allfiveshows. I don’t think people are doing that anymore. And that was a reallyimportant part of my Education. And I loved it. I looked forward to it. It wasn’t a chore. My dad would drop me off at11AM and he’d come get me at10PM.
108.                 So you are doing the repeatviewing thing. In a way that does anticipate the way people started viewing things in the1980s. When I first started teaching, I realised all my students were watching theBackToTheFuturefilms on constant repeat onTNT, and had lost all grasp of worldCinema or classicalHollywood, the kind of things that we would get on late night or daytimeTelevision back in the day. Those had ceased to exist for these people, blackandwhite had ceased to be anything young people could look at. They’d go back to the same early1980sfilms. In a way, maybe that was those people’s way of creating scarcity and distinction amid all this other stuff.
109.                 Right. Which is find if you want to grow up to be RobertZemeckis. Then that’s what you should be doing. I was watching the stuff over and over again that was the stuff I wanted to do. There’s this evolving lecture that I have whenever I’m asked to speak to a filmclass that I’ve been working on for a couple of years. It keeps changing. I’m trying to download everything that I feel I’ve learned in like an hour about directing. It’s been hard. But I talk about stuff like that.
110.                 Is one of the thing you tell people to specialise?
111.                 Yeah, you’ve got to have a thing. What’s your thing? Even if your thing is that you don’t have a thing. What are you bringing to the table? What is distinguishing you from thenextperson?
112.                 You’re describing this kind of selfcurationprocess. Then that’s something you feed into an artistic profile?
113.                 Yeah.
114.                 Great. And if you’re willing to be reflective about this, I want to ask about the idea of auteurs. As I said before, you seem to read a lot aboutFilm, even if you’re not looking at reviews as such. But not just filmreviews, but other kinds of critical discussions about filmmaking and filmmakers tend, particularly to give it artistic people whose string directorial personality or strong artistic vision informs the film released under their name. Does that concept match your own experience of filmmaking? Or does it seem like an imposition on the part of those people inthe stands?
115.                 For someone like me, I don’t know that it matters. In my life and my work, I’m a processperson. As a viewer, I’m a resultspersons. Either on a macrolevel or on a microlevel, the delineation of responsibility doesn’t really matter to me, because I’m just looking at the result and trying to get out of it something I can use. It seems, like I said, prettyselfevident to me that there are certain people taht clearlyhave a verystrong signature that carries across everything they do. But that also happens to be true for people who make things that aren’t good. I guess I’m a sort of mixture, because I’ve never taken a possessory credit, I don’t take writingcredit on things even when I’ve done writing. And I’ve nevertaken a producercredit on a movie that I’ve directed, evenwhen I’ve performed producing duties. You look at that and say, What does that mean? I guess it means that, like I said, directed by, I don’t know what else you need to say. I guess I find all that other stuff kind of redundant. My whole thing is, I want my name up there once. I just want it up there once. I think you reduce the power of it every time you repeat it. Directed by, to me, that’s a great credit. And I don’t view it as themostimportant credit, just, for me doing what I do, it’s sufficient. So I don’t know, the auteurthing, it’s kind of funny. [What’s funny, asshole?] You have to remember that the people that created it were kind of provocateurs. I guarantee you that half of them would argue for it or would propose it just to get an argument going, not out of any real sense of “we need to order the world in this way, and things need to be look at this way.” You’re talking about Truffaut and Godard and Bazin, these french people writing aboutMovies, they liked to say, Let’s stir it up a little bit. Let’s say, You’ve been looking at this all wrong, this is the way it is. We can’t assume that these ideas were created in a vacuum. These were ambitious, combative young guys, and they were trying to make a name for themselves.
116.                 And they were experiencing movies in a way that nobody ever did before or since, that sense in the postwarperiod of, suddenly things come flooding over across theAtlantic to them. But that construct has just struck and become the default mode of filmwriting, even when it has no real basis.
117.                 Yeah, that’s what I mean. It’s sort of like saying, Everyone is either blond or brunette. When in point of fact, there are many morepossibilities than that. So I guess, again, I don’t have to reallyparticipate in it because I’m in it. Let me put it to you this way. I have never heard another filmmaker, or been present when other filmmakers, were ever talking about this issue.
118.                 Yeah, that’s my sense as well.
119.                 Nobody who actually does it gives a shit and has any interest in that argument.
120.                 But people still want to bbe remembered as artists to some extent, right? Or they want their work to be taken [considered]seriously.
121.                 I don’t know. I can onlyspeak for me. But I’ve neverheard another director even bring this up. Like you said, When we have the pantheondiscussion, you’d certainly like to be somebody that, tenorfifteenyears from now, somebody goes, Yeah, he’s in the panthedon. He’s made three great movies.
122.                 You need critics to do the legwork so people can have that conversation without starting it from scratch.
123.                 Well, it gets into this issue of authorless texts. I think there are a couple movies that I’ve made, that if they were thought to have been made by a young filmmaker or had been thefirstfilm of another filmmaker, especially from another part of the world, that they would’ve been viewed verydifferently. Have I benefitted on occassion from being me? Sure. I’m sure it works both ways. But I guarantee you, a couple of my movies, if you stuck somebody else’s name on it and said, Oh, that’s a female director who just graduated from theLodzfilmschool, that there’d be verydifferent reaction to the film.
124.                 In a way, for better or worse, you’re watching people connect the dots from your previous work. This can get to a useful question, particularly as you say that filmmakers don’t talk about films in these terms. This can go in your lecture to filmstudents. A lot of us as Artsresearchers want to illuminate the artistic practices and workroles of contemporary filmmakers, not just performArtappreciation about the films themselves. But maybe, as is apparent, we really don’t have muchaccess to productionactivity. And even if we don’t get it wrong per se, [wrong word.] we’re just asking reallydifferent questions about the type of work, the type of output. As a piece of advice, I would ask, what might we as researchers do to gain insight into the challenges filmmakers face and the way you create works for the screen? Is there a way for us to write about things that really speaks to me the way you guys are doing it?
125.                 It’d be reallydifficult. You really have to a fly on a wall from beginning to end to get a sense of what the issues are and how decisions get made. Because there are so many of them. So many questions have to be answered all the time [elongated] under so many sets of circumstances. You would really have to be attached at the hip to get a sense of it. If you care at all, it can be like standing in the exhaust of a jetengine. It can be veryintense, and it reallytests your ability to remain calm. The physicality of it I think would surprise people. It’s physicallydemanding, just the amount of energy it requires day to day over a long period of time I think would surprise people who’ve onlywritten aboutFilms. It crushes people. It’s physicallyintense, and it’s obviouslypsychologicallyintense. I rememberFrankMarshall once gave an interview, and he said, I think everybody that finishes a film should get some kind of award. I remember laughing and thinking, Yeah, it’s kind of true. There are times when you think it’s a miracle that somehow this thing ended up being done. And WarrenBeatty said, Films aren’t finished, they’re abandoned. And that’s partiallytrue, too. The problem is that, as I was saying, these makingofs or even the commentaries or whatever, you’re reducing in some cases years of experience into a couple minutes. And there’s no shortcut to understanding what those years were like. I’m not saying people should be patting us on the back all the time. You could say that it’s notevenrelevant, when I was saying, the way I look at a movie, I don’t care who did what. I’m just looking at the movie. So you could say, I don’t have to know how hard it was, or how easy it was, or who you had to please or who you had to argue with. The movie is what it is. And that’s legitimate. You could probably make that fly in a cour of law. [?] But if you’re going to write about the business at all and why movies are the way they are without being in the roome where those decisions are made, then I think you’re kind of flying a little bit blind. I wish, just for historical purposes, not because I think it would make me look good or make Sony look bad, I wish there was a transcript of the nintyminutesconversation between [among] me and AmyPascal and MattTolmach the day before I was fired [fromMoneyball]. That was a fascinating meeting. I found it fascinating, and I was not in a bad mood when I left. I said toMattTolmach, June18, remember that day. I was able to look at this and go, This is a reallyinteresting moment in this business, in terms of twoforces trying to figure out where to go. It was fascinating to me.
126.                 I’m sure a lot of us, on the other side, would be interested.
127.                 Yeah, to see what that conversation was.
128.                 Is it theArtversusEntertainmentconversation? Does it involve those trajectories?
129.                 Yeah, people would realise it’s not what it seems necessarily from the outside, so I don’t know. [You don’t know much about shit.] Like you said, it’s all about access, and nobody and nobody wants to give access anymore. People are tooscared, and I’be tooselfconscious. I just wouldn’t want somebody around because it’s like having somebody hang out in my bedroom. It’s just notappropriate for me. To me, this is a veryintimate situation.
130.                 Aside from all those cameras. But they’re notfacing you.
131.                 No, they’re not.
132.                 Interesting. Well, you’ve done the thing forEndOfTheRoad, do you have a sense that you are trying to illuminate something about the way that film was made or what was going on in people’sheads?
133.                 Well, currently, we’ll see how it ends up, I came up with a new rule recently that has helped me get my arms around it. My rule is that they nevertalk about what they think of the movie. I onlyuse material in which they’re talking about someone else or they’re talking about their experience of working on it. And it’s resulted in this reallyinteresting kind of conversation about what it felt like to work on that movie. So it’s turned into something that’s interesting to me, because I believe that is an important part of the process that doesn’t really get discussed, which is the experience itself. These things represent years of my life. I want the experience to be useful and fun and notwasted. The sum of it to me is not theDVD in the shelf. It’s the time, all that time. I want to come way feeling like that was a good use of everybody’s time. That’s what this piece has sort of become about, in a way.
134.                 But then you feel that, say with thing likeDVDcommentaries, that that also gives you a forum to discuss how your time was spent on particular films or to talk to other filmmakers likeMikeNichols about how his time was spent?
135.                 Yeah, my reasons for doing those other commentaries are purelyselfish. I’m looking for information, I”m panning for gold. I want to knowmore about how something good got made. What was your filtering process, JohnBoorman, when you madePointBlank? So that’s just me being kind of greedy. [Revealing sentence.] But that’s appropriate. If some filmmaker fifteen, twentyyears younger than me said, Oh, I want to do the commentary with you onKingOfTheHill, because I have a lot of questions about that film, I’d be happy to do that, to hand down whatever I feel is relevant or useful. That’s why I try [not to] do those alone, because I think they’re reallyboring if it’s not some sort of conversaion.
136.                 If you were just walking through your own narrative of it, that would be insufficient? You want to have other people asking you questions, driving the directio of that?
137.                 Yeah. I did it once, obviously in a joking way onSchizopolis, but yeah, I would never do that alone. It seems pointless.
138.                 Maybe I can ask you about working in differentArtforms. You’ve hinted in different interviews, correct me if I’m wrong, that you’re mostly a formalist, interested in visual challenges, less so in being a writer. But at the same time you’ve worked in virtuallyeveryArtmaking mode parallel to featurefilms, Television, documentary, experimental video, with acting yourself and playwriting and theatrical directing, and now painting as well. And inFilm, you’ve played virtuallyevery creative role aside from composing soundtracks. Do these different modes connet up in your mind in a particular way? Do you think of them as different expressions of an artistic temperament? Or is it just that you want to try different things out of interest? You’re trying to find a mode that streamlinesArtmaking for you?
139.                 My exprerience of it is veryfluid, that making things, making stuff is making stuff, no matter whatever the medium is. I don’t make any distinctions based on medium or jobdescription. You’re either creating or you’re not. And a lot of the way I work is a result of how I started, in which you had to do a lot of things yourself, because there were only twoorthree of you. So you had to learn everybody’sjob. And that’s a great way to learn. I guess I didn’t see any reason why that shouldn’t continue in the professional realm. And I viewed myself as a formalist early, and then I felt like I got out of that, I think. It felt like it. It felt like there was something going on in thefirstfourfilms that I obviouslywanted to blow up when I made-Schizopolis and –Gray’sAnatomy. But I’m surprised morepeople, who are in a position to, aren’t doing morethings in moremedia. When somebody says to me, So why are you making all these movies right on top of each other? I go, Well, because I can. Why wouldn’t I? If I’m in a position to be able to make that happen, why wouldn’t I make that happen? What am I waiting for? And that was another thing that I learned from the people that I started making films with, don’t wait for permission. People who wait for permission end up notdoing anything.
140.                 So you’ve just taken it in stride that you say to yourself, To get the shots I want to shot, I should be the directorofphotography, and then that’s going to entail learning theTechnology around that, or learning how to use the theRedOne. Rather than saying, I don’t need a soundtrack. Here’s a guitar. Wait, I don’t play the guitar. I can’t do this. You just jumped into that?
141.                 Yeah. Again, because of the way I started, everyaspect of this has been interesting to me. All the jobs are interesting to me. I’d be happy with any job on a movie. I justthink it’s all reallyfun and interesting. I guess that’s part of the reason that I’ve neverfelt compelled to be sort of obvious about trying to take possession of something that I’ve worked on and make it clear to everyone that this is mine. That’s not my experience of it. I’ve worked as a crewmember on movies in which the director, or on commercials and videos, sorry, in which the director was a kind of pasha. And I just really didn’t like the vibe that that put off, and the reaction that I saw it creating in the crew. I just thought, Wow, that’s just notcool. And not what I was sort of taught. And that finds its way into the work, that belief. Like I said, directors really are their movies. If you see a director whose movies have a lot of screaming and crying in them or people throwing plates, I guarantee you hang out with that director, at some point he’s going to throw a plate. They can’t help it.
142.                 We thought it was a fiction. It’s pretending, like Oliver said about acting.
143.                 No, this is the thing, ultimately we all make what we like. We make what we like, we make what we want to see. And so it makes perfect sense that you’d meet a filmmaker and go, Wow, you dress like a pimp because all your movies have hookers in them. That makes sense.
144.                 We should all give a wide berth to horrodirectors.
145.                 Yes, yes.
146.                 But now you’re a horrordirector, since you’ve describedContagion that way.
147.                 Sort of, way. A little bit horror, IrwinAllenmovie.
148.                 Let me ask a related question about things that you’d like to do, and as you see yourself, by your definition, having your career wind down. Do you feel you’ve done everything you wanted to try, worked in every genre you wanted to try, or every Artform you wanted to try at this point? Are there things where you say, If I had moreenergy, I could be convinced to do this project?
149.                 I don’t think so. There’s a verystrong sensation on my part right now that’s it’s just time to switch horses. It’s strongenough to make me sacrifice doing a couple of things that I still have, likeCleo and [The]SotWeedFactor. I don’t want to add any more stuff onto the end of this train, I just don’t. I just feel ready to make a switch. And I’ve learned to pay attention to that instinct.
150.                 So you’ve said with things like3D, you had an interest in it, but it’s notstrongenough now to go whole hog with that?
151.                 I just found that, I shot this 3Dtest forContagion, because I thought that at some point, somebody’s going to make a drama in3D. Somebody must. So I shot this little test, and I was kind of alarmed to find that two of the elements in your dramatoolkit, probably thetwomostimportantelements in your dramatoolkit, the overtheshoulder and the clean single, were reallyweird in3D. That reallyconcerned me, because those are go to angles when you’re making a drama. The over lookedreallyweird because you had this hube blob sitting on oneside of the screen in your lap. And then if you didn’t, if you adjusted the stereoscopy or whatever you call it, the relation between the twocameras, the ocularity, interocularity, that’s what it’s called, so that the over did not move off of the screen. You can determine by adjusting how far out something moves past the plane of the screen, so you can have it sort of closer to you, or you can have it at the plane of the screen. So when you move the shoulder, the blurry shoulder, when you moved it off the plane of the screen toward you, it feltreallyweird, because it was this blob in your face. But then when you moved it to the plane of the screen, it made everything seem reallysmall and far away. And then the clean single made it just look like you’d taken the actor, cut them out and stuck them onto a background. And I just decided, that’s distracting. That’s notgood. And I’m reallycurious to see if anyone is ever going to be able to make an audience cry in3D. Because I’m not sure you can.
152.                 Until they look at their ticketstubs, and see what they paid for that 2D to3Dconversion.
153.                 I don’t think it’s going to go away. I think it’s going to find its plateau prettysoon, and then it’ll be that. It’ll be another tool. If I were going to makeCleo, I would make it in3D. I think a KenRussellmusical essentially in3D would be awesome. But I still think, a buddy of mine, when we were talking about this issue, said, Avatar in2D is still thebiggestmovie in the world. And I agree. I don’t think that piece ofTechnology is transformative in any meaningful way in terms of the audienceexperience. I don’t. I think it can be cool, but I don’t think it’s, I think people would trade anything in the world for characters that they’re interested in.
154.                 Over the long haul.
155.                 Yeah.
156.                 So can I ask you about painting? I don’t really have a segue here except, does painting represent a parallel artistic strand for you? Or is it at the complete opposite pole from what you’ve been doing?
157.                 No, there are obviously connexions. I’m bringing it to it a certain amount ofKnowledge regarding composition and tonality and things like that. What I have to learn thesameway that I did when I started making films is, I now have to learn how to achieve certain effects. When you’re starting out and you’re trying to learn, you’re imitating things that you’ve seen in movies so that you can figure out how they did them. So that’s sort of where I am now. I’m at the veryverybeginning of that process, of having an ides of something that I like, and having to figure out how to create it on a canvas. As simple as learning how to, when you make a painting, you’ve got to start with the thing that’s furthest away, and build. If I’m painting a painting of the street, I’ve got to start painting the stuff that’s in the distance first and work my way forward, so that I’m layering on top of that, so that it has the correct feeling of depth. that’s just something I’m starting to get into. If I’ve got threeobjects in the frame that one is in front of the other is in front of the ohter, I’ve got to paint thefurthestone away first, right, and then the one that’s second, and then the one that’s closest.
158.                 And then would you say this is something you realised upon coming to painting, or you said to yourself, Oh, I’ve had to do this in my filmmaking, I can just port this right over?
159.                 No that was something that, as soon as I started to actuallytry and paint, I veryquickly, I did not understand the sort of hierarchy of depth on a canvas until I actuallystarted trying to paint on a canvas.
160.                 And the things you bring to painting, do you say, This is an extension of this skull I’ve developed, like about composition and tonality?
161.                 I hope so. I hope that there are both ideas and techniques that I can appropriate from filmmaking that will help me distinguish myself in another visual medium. Certainly I’m not yet thinking like a painter. One of the things I’ve been doing as an experiment is painting frames from movies, pulling stills from movies and recreating them on a canvas. That’s a good toe in the water for me. It feels safe, and yet I’m learning technical things about how to achieve certain effects and make things look a certain way. So that’s been fun.
162.                 Are you trying to paint in a realist way or in the way that the film image looked?
163.                 For now, I’m trying to recreate the filmimage.
164.                 So is it things that you’ve been particularlyinvested in before? What kind of frames?
165.                 It varies. I’m working on a frame fromKlute right now that I like a lot, just an image that I think is reallyarresting. I’m prettysure I can reproduce that on a canvas. I’m going to try. So it’s stuff like that.
166.                 Some of thesamethings that you borrow for filmshots.
167.                 Yeah.
168.                 Do you plan to make a living there? Do you see yourself as a professional or just an amateur?
169.                 I don’t know. I think it depends. It’ll be a couple of years before I can even answer that. There’s alsoprobablygoing to be some photography. I have some ideas for, not just pure photography like, Oh, here are some pictures I’ve taken, but something along, I don’t know if you’re familiar with this photographer, DuaneMichals, but he shoots series, they’re stories. They’re frames, and there’s clearly a narrative in there. So I’m interested in building on that idea. I’m fascinated by the idea of, in stillframes, shooting a sequence of somebody chasing somebody inNewYork. If I were going to do that in sixstillframes, what would they be? So I think for a while there’s just going to be a lot of stuff coming out, and then I’ll figure out what to do with it.
170.                 All right. What’s themostgenerous way to ask this? Are you at all selfconscious about the potentiallyclichéd nature of the trajectory of the filmmaker turning to fineArt in the twilight of his career?
171.                 No. I just don’t care. I’m just trying to stay excited. It doesn’t really matter.
172.                 And are you interested in staying involved in filmindustries as a patron or an activist or a preservationist like you have been?
173.                 No. My sense right now is that it’s really going to be kind of a closed door. That’s the way it feels right now. I’ve got twomoreyears being national vicepresident of theDGA. This’ll be my last term. I’m hoping by then that all this stuff will be wound up. It’s feeling right now like I really need to step away from all of it for a while. The degree to which somebody may call me and ask me to look at something and help me with an edit, I don’t know. But I feel like sort of just being away from it for a while.
174.                 Well, on behalf of the filmculture at large, we’re going to miss you. Who will we choose to take your place?
175.                 Oh, there’s always aJohnnycomelately. No, look, shit, I’ve got it great. Theonly frustrating thing about talking about it, other than, in thisEconomy it’s terrible to be talking about giving up a wellpaying job, is that I don’t want it to seem like a complaint. It’s really not. It just feels like time for a change, a radical change. And I love it toomuch not to love it, you know what I mean? if I can’t go to work everyday excited and loving it and loving all of it, I have toomuchrespect for theArtform than to go to work. That should be your attitude. There’s a point where that isn’t true for me anymore, where I won’t be looking forward to it. I just think it’s out of respect that I need to then switch off.
176.                 Based on our discussion, is there anything else people should know about you and about your work? Do you feel like we’re getting it right, asking the right questions? Do you feel you’ve had the career that speaks to how you saw yourself or have seen yourself as an artist?
177.                 I’m reallyhappy with how things have turned out. If duringSexLies, you flashforward and said, This is what you’re going to do over the next twentytwoyears, then I’d go, Wow, cool. I’m reallyhappy with all the opportunities I had, and I really wouldn’t change anything about it. I would change things about the movies, maybe. But I feel, like I said, that the timing of when I came up was good, and that I’ve benefitted from being in the right place at the right time a lot. And I’ve alsotaken advantage of that. I feel I’ve been sensitive to every potential opporunity that has been in front of me, and I feel that I’ve taken advantage of those opportunities or tried veryhard. I don’t feel like anything reallyslipped by me that I missed because I wasn’t paying attention. I’ve tried to maximise whatever juice I might have to make things happen both for me and for other people. So I’m happy about that. As much as I didn’t enjoy producing, for the period that we hadSectionEight up and running, we did a lot of shit in a veryshort period of time. That was an extremelyproductive entity. It ended up being almosttooproductive. I think the workload really got crazy for both of us.
178.                 Considering how much other work you were doing.
179.                 Yeah, we both had dayjobs, and it was becoming reallyoverwhelming. And I just don’t like producing. It’s a terrible job. But I’m happy about that. It’s a good list of thing to have been associated with.


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